Indio zacatero

Félix Martínez y Lorenzo (ca. 1859 - 1916)

1886

CE2384

Manila (National Capital Region, Philippines)

Paper, Watercolor (Pigment, Gum Arabic)

Height = 510 mm; Width = 360 mm

In the Catálogo de la exposición general de las Islas Filipinas celebrada en Madrid ... el 30 de junio de 1887 ( access online here),
Don Felix Martinez y Lorenzo had the following pieces in the Exposition:

Acuarelas de tipos del pais
La naturaleza cuadro de oleo
Recuerdos de tipos del pais
Retratos al lápiz de Mrs Mackennan y de doña Ella Pauli de Vidal reproduction ampliada de fotografias
El deber cumplido, cuadro de oleo

In the Fine Arts section of the Exposition, Martinez exhibited these works along with works by Juan Luna and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo. (Catalogo, 1887:596). When the Exposition ended, many of the paintings and sculptures became part of the foundational collection of the Museo Biblioteca de Ultramar which was established a year later. When this Museum closed in 1908, the works of art were moved to the Museo de Arte Moderno. Most of the oil paintings remained at the Prado, while others, including the Martinez watercolours were sent on permanent loan to the National Museum of Anthropology in Madrid. There is no record of how many pieces were in the Tipos del Pais that Martinez submitted to the 1887 Exposition, but there are 19 pieces of Martinez's from the Acuarelas de tipos del pais at the Museo.

About the artist:

According to an article by Blas Sierra de la Calle, Félix Martínez y Lorenzo was born 1859-c.1916 in Santa Cruz Manila, and was a member of a family of artists. He attended the University of Sto. Thomas for high school, finishing in 1877 where he obtained the qualification of outstanding in art under the Spanish Dominican professor Fr. Joaquín Sabater.

His first known work appeared in La Ilustración del Oriente in 1878, when the artist was only 19 years old.

He began to establish himself when he took part in a project promoted by the Agustinians of Manila - the publication of Flora de Filipinas by Manuel Blanco. Martinez made 47 of the designs, which later served as the basis for the lithographs, both in white and black as well as in colour.

He was the illustrator for La Ilustración Filipina (1894-96) - many of his works depicting Philippine daily life.

At the end of the 19th century, the artist painted for several churches including the Church of San Ignacio of Manila in 1889. He was appointed a professor at the La Escuela Práctica Profesional de Artes y Oficios de Manila in 1891 - occupying the post of professor of modelling and casting until the end of Spanish colonisation in 1898.

He continued to produce work and exhibited and won medals in various Expositions, including the Universal Exposition at St Louis in 1904. The date of his death is unknown, but if the Execution of Dr Jose Rizal (1915) is his last work, then Martinez most likely died in 1916.

1887

In the second half of the 19th century, Filipino painters and sculptors began to deal with non-religious themes and reproduce an indigenous style with realistic representations of the landscape, people and their daily activities, local scenes and customs, as well as tipos del pais - different types of people dressed in their daily and festive clothes. All this is closely related to European and Spanish customs. From that moment the artists are no longer anonymous, they begin to be recognized individually and to travel to Spain and other European countries to continue their training.

There are 18 other Tipos del Pais watercolours by Felix Martinez y Lorenzo in this collection.

Not on display

Indigenous art at the Philippine Exposition of 1887: Arguments for an ideological and racial battle in a colonial context

Luis Ángel Sánchez Gómez Journal of the History of Collections, Volume 14, Issue 2, November 2002, Pages 283–294, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhc/14.2.283

STA. MARÍA, F., & PILAR, S. A. (1998). Discovering Philippine art in Spain. Manila, Department of Foreign Affairs.

BLAS SIERRA DE LA CALLE. Félix Martínez y Lorenzo en la Ilustración Filipina Archivo Agustino 99 (2015) 419-546. Access here.

Record accessed in May 2021<br />Translated from Spanish by Google Translate

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